The working principle of CNC machine tools is simplified to say that the machining program is input into the CNC device, through the CNC device to interpret the machining program, send signals to the servo system, and then drive the machine tool to achieve accurate processing. In this process, the detection system real-time monitoring of the parameters of the machining process, delivered to the CNC action system for adjustment to ensure machining accuracy.
In detail, the work of CNC machine tools can be divided into the following steps:
1. Machining program preparation
According to the machining requirements of the workpiece, write a machining program consisting of letters, numbers and symbols, and store the program in the storage medium (e.g., soft disk, IC card, etc.).
2. Program input
Input the machining program stored in the storage media into the CNC device, forming the control instruction system.
3. numerical control device interpretation of instructions
The numerical control device calculates the motion trajectory, speed and machining parameters according to the instructions in the machining program, and generates the pulse sequence of the drive motor.
4. The servo system drives the machine to perform machining
After receiving the pulse sequence from the numerical control device, the servo system sends current to the motor according to its instruction, and drives the machine tool to complete the machining actions such as spindle rotation and table movement.
5. Detection system monitors the machining process
The detection system monitors the parameters of the machining process in real time and transmits them to the numerical control device for real-time adjustment.
6. Finished product output
In the synergy of the above processes, CNC machine tools can be accurately in accordance with the requirements of the machining program and parameters to achieve high-precision machining of the workpiece.
In short, the working principle of CNC machine tools is to realize precise control of the machine tool through the CNC device, servo system, detection system, so as to realize high-precision and high-efficiency machining process. With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, CNC machine tools will play an increasingly important role in future production activities.
